| Glossary/mini dictionary |
ahwan [-ow]; mate (husband/wife)
aleya [-nye]; star
allemanggo [-o]; alman, fauna, animals and beasts
amahan; adv. again
amran-; remote past
and-; present
aou [aouon]; person, any living being or creature
ar [-au]; word, speech, story
ateh; first person masculine pronoun
cancain; to fight; to spar; to wrestle.
canil; adv.conj. and also, as well (with verbs) (see eik)
cora-; past
curuwestein; in gen., to begin some natural process (flowers budding, seedlings
sprouting); of the Sun, to rise; to begin a story In the Accustomed Manner; of
persons, to begin some noble endeavour; of queens, to begin their reign
eiyem; evid.ptc. a thing known; factual; n. a thing long considered or thought
about or reasoned out
enaye; relational pronoun, relates one thing to another
erhrqe; inchoative prefix
fadain; say, speak, talk
fadayam; evid.ptc. a thing reported; secondhand but reliable
federfanna; proper name
hann [-nye]; any wild fowl good for eating; in Auntimoany, any fowl or poultry
bird
hombur [-awo]; food, fodder, physical sustenance; praise, consolation, spiritual
sustenance
hoyo; neg.ptc. no, not really
hwessain; to accomplish what was to be accomplished; of the Sun, to set (or,
from the perspective of one sitting up all night, to rise); of a person, to die;
of a story, to live happily ever after; of a rope, to whip; to snuff a candle;
sneeze after orgasm; repay a gift-debt; to start or end something
le-; distant past
lostalla [-a]; gold (metal)
megein; free, liberate, release
melle-; near future
miloapan; demonstrative prophrase (like a pronoun, but the antecedant is a whole
phrase)
nemdanoccain; be a girl’s younger brother
nima [-nye]; girl, female; daughter
pampoyi [-ili]; grasses, reeds, bamboo, cane
prima-; nominal prefix, from within to without
quocuoyanein; fashion from wood, bamboo or reeds or some pliant material
ronu-; recent present
rorya-; near present
sandan-; remote future
sento [-o]; proper name
shinanntannein; craft an enchantment; tell a story, teach lore; tell tribal
history
shinnerellê [-e]; proper name
stayacaro [-o]; a morsel, crumb; anything tiny
surya-; near past
suur-; distant future
tqerhrcain; stir together, whip up; cook or prepare food
versen-; recent past or anterior present
ya-; future
yan-; eternal (everpresent)
yars; 4 person pronoun (like the 3 but more distant and less germane) th rd
yastamain; keep, hold, bar
-yavan; state of being
yiriellê [-e]; queen, chief |
| Grammar notes |
Important things to know: usual order of transitive sentences is OAV, where
object=absolutive, agent=ergative. Usual order of intransitive sentences is SV,
where subject=absolutive.
Nouns & pronouns conjugate for a variety of tenses and also decline for a number
of cases.
Tense markers always precede their associated noun or pronoun, though a prefixed
case marker will infix itself within this complex.
There are two great declensions of nouns. One is the native and the other was
imported from a prestige language in ancient times. The native pattern of
nominal declension is CASE.PREFIX + ROOT + CLASS AFFIX; the imported pattern is
ROOT+(STEM VOWEL)+ENDING.
Many particles and “small words” are detachable and have some freedom of
movement within a sentence.
3: Some Points of Interest
Queranaran:
Queranaran is the Common Language of the Daine and Turghun of the Eastlands of
the World. Whatever other local dialects may be used in a particular area, the
Queranaran is spoken and well understood along a broad swath of Eosphora roughly
from the lands of Siviria in the west of Darenalliê, up the Canasawack and over
to Withwandiê. Even the savage Hotai of Siviria understand and use a rather
debased form of this noble tongue. Although the Daine of Auntimoany speak a
dialect of the Teyorish natively and as a high language, and Avantimannish as an
interlanguage and increasingly as a common tongue, they are also well versed in
this common Daine speech. The Daine of Westmarche speak a kind of creole midway
between the two, being mostly words of Thietish extraction set upon the native
Queranaran grammar; many understand or speak Queranaran fairly well.
Sample Native Nominal Declension:
ERG. we-nima-nye we-nima-yaõ
ABS. na-nima-nye na-nima-yaõ
ACC. en-nima-nye en-nima-yaõ
DAT. damo-nima-nye damo-nima-yaõ
LOC. a-nima-nye a-nima-yaõ
POS. ru-nima-nye ru-nima-yaõ
INST. nev-nima-nye nev-nima-yaõ
VOC. didi-nima-nye didi-nima-yaõ
Sample Imported Nominal Declension:
-e- declension, (athalle, moon)
ERG. -ê -ele athallê athallele
ABS. -am -and athallam athalland
ACC. -es -este athalles athalleste
DAT. -er -eris athaller athalleris
LOC. -enem -eris athallenem athalleris
VOC. -a -arave athalla athallarave
Personal Pronouns:
Queranaran personal pronouns are divided into seven persons. The first person
refers to the speaker while the second refers to the addressee. The third
through seventh persons refer to any other being or object besides the speaker
and addressee.
First Person
s. du. pl.sib. pl.inc. pl.excl.
c. shan yama yamó
f. atíh ff. ehan
m. ateh mm. ehun
m/f. ateyvo fm. atay
OBL. endí endí shandi elendi elam
endí
aton
The third person refers to an animate being, a person or higher animal, or
weather phenomenon that is considered by the speaker to be more proximate or
more topical within the exchange. The third person has, in addition to the
standard array of genders, distinctions of proximal and distal deixis: so, “she
nearby” vs. “she far away”. The third person pronouns are also self-referential:
“she(3s) saw her(3s) mother walking in the lane” means that ‘her mother’ refers
back to the subject, ‘she’.
Third Person (Animate & Proximate)
s. du. pl.sib. pl.inc. pl.excl.
c.prox. ena salem salmó
c.dist. enay selis salmay
f.prox. derí
f.dist. herrí
m.prox. dene
m.dist. henne
m/f.prox. danvo
m/f.dist. henvo
OBL. endi endi salendi salem
DAT. deni endi salendi salem
Evidentiality:
Phrases and sentences are often marked to indicate the surity and perspective of
the speaker as regards the nature of the action. This marking is noted by
presentential / prephrasal statements of knowledge or doubt & perspective.
Vocative of Reference:
When a person is refered to by name, or if the pronominal antecedant is well &
specifically known, the vocative takes the place of the ergative or
accusative/absolutive cases as required: en harcu versen didi Inac talcarhrtas;
Inac petted the dog. |
