| Smooth translation: |
Idalatos, Shammadi, and Madauli are countries.
What follows is sung.
A young woman named Shinedel once lived who was the daughter of the king of
Idalatos. Because Shinedel could weave gold-colored cloth from ordinary grass,
she was miraculous.
The king of Shammadi, named Senetos, came to Idalatos and kidnapped Shinedel.
That man put the woman into the central tower of his fortress and locked the
door of that tower room and didn't give her any food. "Weave gold-colored
cloth," he told her. "I'm hungry and need to eat," said Shinedel. Then the man
left that room and brought her raw meat. "After you weave, you can eat this
meat," he said.
A prince of Madauli named Idewan loved Shinedel and went to Shammadi with an
army in order to fight old Senetos. Idewan shouted, "Marry me, Shinedel!" Wind
brought those words Shinedel was waiting for to her and, breaking the door, she
escaped from the tower. When Shinedel was with Idewan, the prince got her on the
back of the horse and rapidly left.
After that day, the couple lived happily in a palace. |
| Glossary/mini dictionary |
Verbs classes are identified by an action-type letter and a valence number.
The citation forms for action-type H, D, and T verbs are progressive while those
for N verbs are inherent and those for S and C verbs are stative.
The digraphs ch, kh, and sh are alphabetized as single letters.
Verbs and Particles
akol S2 at center of
bero conj cause or reason clause (because)
bis H2 define P as S
bokh C1 old
borekh'i T2 abduct, steal
chai D1 day
chel N1 country, territory
chilkayes S1 miraculous, incredible, unprecedented
chobi D2 eat
chokhri C2 hungry
dailesti N1 palace
dailokhen N1 fortress
dak S2 outside
dakhraksi T2 escape
dalki T2 shout
dami N2 S is door of P
dash N1 woman
delfat H1 couple, pair of persons
di det proximal demonstrative (this/these)
do det medial demonstrative (that/those)
e det definite, usually anaphoric
failu H1 alive, live
fishti T3 bring
fit T2 go
gashti T2 weave
gauri T2 catch, take hold of
gisel C2 happy
hap N2 S is back/dorsum of P
hiwa H1 exist + aoristic (hu)
ho case primative
hore conj purpose clause
idalatos N1 (see text)
idewan N1 (see text)
ji pron correlative
jo det relative
kai other end direct quotation
kampi N2 S is room of P
ka'ri T2 lock
ki case nominative
kinji C1 young
kharbi N2 S is king of P
khasbi D2 fight
khasbiron N1 army
khendi N1 tower
khoraki T2 break
khur S1 raw
la det distal demonstrative (yon)
lakhni T2 leave
largi D3 sing
liki T3 tell
los S2 wait for
ma case genitive
madauli N1 (see text)
mesh D2 deontic necessity, must, require
mik S2 in
mikti T2 into, enter
nan S2 with (comitative)
on S2 at
panchal N1 grass
parshi T2 use up, consume
poi conj simultaneous conjunction (and at the same time)
posh conj sequential conjunction (and next/then)
raf N1 man
res C1 fast, rapid, quick
rogal N1 fabric, cloth
samal N1 gold
san N1 food
se case secundative
senetos N1 (see text)
sokni H2 spouse of (reciprocal)
sudin N2 S is daughter of P
shammadi N1 (see text)
shimi D2 follow
shinedel N1 (see text)
shinni H2 love
shoti T2 make, cause
shufi D1 wind
taprush N1 horse
tau conj temporal adjunct
tof N2 S is meat of P
togi H2 S is color of P
tosi T3 give
we case vocative
yak other begin direct quotation
yalhi H1 word
yo det non-referential (generic)
yonchayes C1 ordinary |
| Grammar notes |
The Sep27 grammar is simple but quite different from the usual (hence the
detailed write- up). The only parts of speech are verbs, which are inflected,
and various kinds of particles.
Morphology
A verb form may consist of: an imperative mood indicator, a 1st argument person
specifier, the verb root (the only required element), a derivational suffix, an
aspect suffix, the negative polarity indicator, a grammatical voice suffix, and
a combining form indicator. They can't all appear on the same form, however.
Prefixes
ni- person 1st person singular
go- person 2nd person
u- mood imperative
There are up to 3 arguments, according to the verb's valence. The 2nd argument
(if valid) is implicitly 3rd person in this text. The 3rd argument (theme) is
also implicitly 3rd person here.
If the verb is univalent or has direct or antipassive voice, the 1st argument is
the subject or agent and the 2nd argument (if direct) is the patient. For the
inverse voice, subject and object are reversed and for passive voice, the 1st
argument is the patient (no 2nd argument is possible).
The imperative mood always implies a 2nd person agentive 1st argument.
Otherwise, an unmarked 1st argument is 3rd person.
Suffixes
-ossi derivational natural possibility (can, able to)
-(i) aspect progressive or stative or inherent
-u aspect habitual
-a aspect aoristic
-o aspect perfect
-e aspect prospective
polarity positive is unmarked
-pa polarity negative
voice direct is unmarked
-r voice inverse
-k voice antipassive
-sh voice passive
-ko other combining form
The combining form suffix is used to convert verb forms into words that are
allowed to be quasi-incorporated by the following verb.
Some verbs forms are relativizable. These are always non-imperative forms with a
3rd person argument (other than theme).
Syntax
Phrases are made up of determiners, quantity words, relativizable verb forms,
and case particles, in that order. The case particle is required. The only
quantity word in this text is the plural marker. If no determiner appears, the
phrase is indefinite. A genitive phrase, specifying the possessor, may appear
instead of the determiner.
Enclitics
=s quantity plural
Clauses are made up of verbs, which may be preceded by argument phrases
(nominative, primative, or secundative) and/or a vocative phrase.
Clauses are chained, with any number of coordinate clauses preceding a final
clause and any number of subordinate clause preceding each coordinate or final
clause. The tense of the sentence is determined by the aspect of the verb of the
final clause:
aoristic => definite past
perfect => indefinite past
prospective => future
otherwise, present.
Each coordinate clause is always followed by a coordinating conjunction, either
*poi* or *posh* in this text.
Some types of subordinate clauses are followed by subordinating conjunctions,
but others, including relative clauses, complement clauses, and some adjunct
clauses aren't.
Relative clauses are internally-headed and are distinguished by the presence of
the relative determiner *jo*; the phrase so-marked takes the case appropriate to
the relative clause while the correlative pronoun *ji* appears in the following
host clause taking the case appropriate there. |
