Torch: |
Ləng kapkapeš dehsiṉodahay. Ləng šeyjom ñiš ayijaṉeij. Hɛṉłok šeyjom dehsiññɛ:
"Dɔłək mongɔʔ?"
Šeyjom hɛṉłok ašadi yijaṉe: "Tangja dɛngoe udahay mongɔ."
Hɛṉłok šeyjom yijaṉe: "Itul ezɔłeṉ. Ñɛʔyung dɔłək yɔngajaə."
Šeyjom ñɛʔyung dehsijaṉedahay.
Hɛṉłok ijaṉe: "Zahɛ itul wəʔajju uitul mɛj ayʔaješ. Ñɛʔyung dangkay ayʔaj. Zahɛ
ṉung dehselɔngɔješ uajik saj soz dehselɔngɔješ ñailul saj udɔłək ɔngajaš
tulteleyeš kazdɛkez."
Šeyjom iññɛ: "Ləng ngaduyəʔ, mɛz ləng ɔngajaš ngongujʔedahay?"
Hɛṉłok əjəʔ: "Hɛš ʔajʔez, updɔłək zahɛ ʔajʔez uhɛš ñailul ngełeñiz, hɛš zahɛ
wəhajɛt?" |
Glossary/mini dictionary |
For the purposes of the lexicon, pronouns are appended with "X.Y" which means
"speaker of gender X referring to referent of gender Y"; e.g., "3SG.M.F" is
"third-person singular female, spoken by a male".
ajik n. 'person'
aša v. 'be scared'
ay- pfx. 'INSTRUMENTAL APPLICATIVE'
dahay prn. '3PL.M.F'
-dahay prn. '3PL.M.F'
dangkay n. 'isolation'
dehs- pfx. 'MANNER APPLICATIVE'
dɛngoe v. 'know, understand, realize'
-di sfx. 'ADJECTIVAL'
dɔłək prn. '3PL.F.F.'
e- pfx. 'BENEFACTIVE APPLICATIVE'
hajɛt v. 'laugh'
hɛṉłok n. 'dark-colored bird species'
-ə sfx. '3PL.F.F'
əjəʔ v. 'answer, reply'
hɛš prn. '2SG.F.M'
-ij sfx. '3SG.M.M'
ijaṉe v. 'tell, speak, say'
=ilul sfx. 'yon (not visible)'
iññɛ v. 'ask, inquire (as to)'
iṉo v. 'Make, change, alter, transmute, form, mold'
itul prn. '1SG.F'
kapkap v. 'talk'
kazdɛk v. 'know, be aware of the fact that'
ləng prn. '3PL.M.F'
łeñi v. 'live, exist'
mɛj n. 'sorrow'
mɛz adv. '(and) then'
mongɔ v. 'live, survive, persist, populate'
ng- pfx. 'LOCATIVE APPLICATIVE'
ngaduy v. 'fight, battle, come to blows'
nguj v. 'rest, recover, recuperate'
-ñ sfx. 'RFLX.F.F'
ña n. 'place, area'
ñɛʔyung n. 'mountain'
ñiš adj. 'clever, crafty, sly'
ṉung n. 'importance, urgency'
ɔngaja v. 'protect'
p= pfx. (purpose clause marker)
saj prn. 'RELATIVE'
soz n. 'bravery'
-š sfx. (forms resultatives from verbs)
šeyjom n. 'beast'
tangja prn. '2SG.M.F'
tley v. 'go'
-tu sfx. '1SG.F'
tul- pfx. 'INESSIVE APPLICATIVE'
u= pfx. (clausal subordinator)
w- pfx. 'CAUSATIVE APPLICATIVE'
y- pfx. 'BENEFACTIVE APPLICATIVE'
yɔngɔj v. 'sit, reside, rest'
-z sfx. '3SG.F.F'
zahɛ prn. '3SG.F.F'
zɔł v. 'cover, conceal, hide'
-ʔ sfx. 'IRREALIS'
ʔaj v. 'think, feel' |
Grammar notes |
Proto-Dujajikiswə features different pronouns depending on genders of both the
speaker and the referent. It defaults to the feminine for inanimate objects,
intangible objects, and persons of unknown gender.
Word order tends to be SOV, though the object is marked on the verb as a suffix.
This has implications for passives and applicatives.
The language makes extensive use of applicatives of various types; these
applicatives generally apply to the object (or the "subject" of a reflexive
argument).
One way of forming a "passive" is to use the appropriate third-person object
marker on the verb following the subject. As the marker is not the reflexive
marker, it implies that some unspecified agent is acting on the object.
Hypotheticals and negatives are obligatorily marked for the irrealis. This
includes yes-no questions asking about a currently relevant situation (as
opposed to choice questions in the vein of "do you want some popcorn", which
don't take the irrealis).
If an illegal cluster (three or more consonants; ng represents the velar nasal
and so only counts as one) is formed, an epenthetic vowel appears to break it
up. This vowel likes to create a preceding cluster if possible. It is o before
velars, ə before glottals, and e otherwise.
Coronals assimilate to a preceding coronal, if any. The coronal groups are ṉ d z
ł (dental), n t s l (alveolar), and ñ j š y (palatal). Assimilation operates
before cluster resolution. |